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Quenching process

Quenching also called Hardening, is a heat treatment process in which steel is heated up to austenite temperature (above it's critical temperature), hold for some time and then cooled in water, oil or molten salt (rapid cooling). Due to rapid cooling, it results very hard structure - martensite (hardest form of Steel). fig.- steel component quench in oil. Due to hardening process hardness of steel increases and bitterness also increases. (brittleness increases hence hardened Steel nay not directly use). Quenching is always follow by tempering process. Due to rapid cooling in hardening process metal shape shrink, internal residual stresses are setup. That's the reason why hardening is follow by tempering.

What is heat treatment process ?

know the Heat Treatment...! Heat treatment is defined as the operations involving the heating and cooling of a metal or an alloy within a solid-state to obtain desire properties (physical or chemical) without change composition. The heat treatment process is carried out to change the grain size, modified the crystal structure of the material, and relieve the stress set up in the material after hot or cold working. Heat treatment also uses in many manufacturing processes, eg. glass working. The heat treatment process is performed in the furnace or oven with a controlling the environment of step-by-step heating and cooling within a specific period of time, apart from this the gases are used to control the furnace environment in some processes. Fig.1 - Heat treatment process of gears Heat treatment consists of heating of metal near of above re-crystallization temperature of the material, hold for a particular time, and then finally cooling the metal in some medium which may be air, ...

Basic Fluid properties that every one should know

Various fluids can be differentiated by their fluid properties, some of the basic fluid properties are density, specific weight, specific gravity, viscosity & specific volume. Let's take a look at the properties of fluids one by one in detail. Fundamental knowledge of fluid properties is very essential to learn Fluid Mechanics (FM) subject. Properties of fluid Density or Mass Density Specific Weight or Weight Density Specific Volume Specific Gravity Viscosity 1. Density or Mass Density The density of the fluid can be defined as a ratio of the mass of fluid to the volume of fluid. Hence it can be call mass per unit volume. It is represented by a symbol ⍴ (rho) and the SI unit of density is kg/m³. Mathematically, The density of water is taken as 1000 kg/m³ or 1 g/cm³. The density of a liquid is considered as constant with the variation of pressure and temperature. 2. Specific Weight or Weight Density The specific weight of fluid can be defined as the ratio of the weight of...

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